中晚期儿童肾透明细胞肉瘤10例的诊治及预后分析

目的探讨中晚期儿童肾透明细胞肉瘤(CCSK)的临床特点、诊治经过及预后特点。方法收集2014年1月至2017年12月在首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院儿科住院治疗的10例中晚期CCSK患儿的临床资料,对其临床特征、诊疗经过及预后情况等进行回顾性分析。结果1.临床特点:10例CCSK病例中男6例,女4例;中位发病年龄为32个月;7例为左侧CCSK,3例为右侧CCSK。初次诊断时Ⅲ期9例,Ⅳ期1例;其中4例初次诊断时误诊为肾脏其他肿瘤(40%,4/10例)。5例Ⅲ期病例治疗及随访过程中出现肿瘤复发及转移,主要远处转移部位为肺、骨、肝脏及脑。2.治疗及预后:10例中给予手术联合放疗及化疗者7例,未规范化治疗放弃者3例。中位随访时间33.5个月,7例存活,3例死亡,3年总生存率为65.6%。Ⅲ期患儿3年总生存率为74.1%,Ⅳ期患儿3年总生存率为0,Ⅲ期与Ⅳ期预后比较差异有统计学意义(χ^2=9,P=0.003)。5例复发病例中仅1例完全缓解,2例部分缓解,1例进展,1例死亡;3例无复发病例均完全缓解,且均为给予手术、化疗及放疗规范化治疗者。结论儿童CCSK初诊误诊率高,Ⅲ期病例治疗及随访过程中复发及远处转移风险高;Ⅲ期病例积极给予手术、化疗及放疗的规范化治疗,预后良好,而发生复发及远处转移者死亡率高。     

天麻素对小鼠炎性痛脊髓背角自发放电抑制作用

目的:探究天麻素(gastrodin or GAS)对炎性痛小鼠诱致的脊髓背角I层神经元自发放电的影响。方法:成年小鼠10只,一侧后足底皮下注射完全弗氏佐剂(complete Freund’s adjuvant,CFA)制备炎性痛模型后,于6、12、24、48、96、168 h分别观察机械性缩足反射阈值(paw withdrawal mechanical threshold,PWMT)和热刺激缩足反射潜伏期(paw withdrawal thermal latency,PWTL)的变化。选取出生14~18 d小鼠,按照上述相同方法建立炎性痛模型,24 h后制备脊髓薄片(300μm),孵育1 h后用全细胞膜片钳技术通过灌流系统给予GAS(300μmol/L),并探究其对炎性痛脊髓背角I层神经元自发放电的影响。结果:(1)在成年小鼠炎性痛模型中,CFA诱致的痛觉过敏可持续1~2周,在24 h达到高峰;(2)在出生14~18 d小鼠CFA注射24 h后,脊髓背角I层神经元出现显著的自发放电增强现象;(3)GAS可以显著抑制脊髓背角I层神经元自发放电的频率,对幅度无显著作用。结论:GAS对炎症导致的脊髓背角I层神经元自发放电增强具有显著的抑制作用,进而降低神经元的兴奋性,从而达到缓解炎性痛的效果。     

妊娠糖尿病母亲血清视黄醇结合蛋白4水平与巨大儿发生率的相关性研究

目的:探讨妊娠糖尿病(GDM)母亲血清视黄醇结合蛋白4(RBP4)水平与巨大儿(MS)发生率的相关性。方法:随机选取2011年6月至2014年7月在我院住院的500例产妇,其中46例GDM产妇(研究组),分娩巨大儿(体重4000g)16例,正常体重儿30例;糖耐量正常(NGT)产妇454例(对照组),分娩巨大儿37例,正常体重儿417例。采用ELISA法检测患者血清RBP4水平。分析RBP4与GDM及巨大儿发生率之间的相关性。结果:研究组的巨大儿发生率高于对照组26.7%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组正常体重儿产妇及对照组巨大儿产妇血清RBP4水平均高于对照组正常儿产妇,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组中巨大儿产妇的血清RBP4水平高于正常体重儿产妇,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。血清RBP4水平是分娩巨大儿的危险因素,呈正相关(P=0.000)。结论:GDM巨大儿发生率高于正常产妇;RBP4是巨大儿发生率高的影响因素之一,与巨大儿发生率呈正相关关系。     

Characterization of two pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 isolates in China

For over three decades, there has been a continuing panzootic caused by a virulent variant avian paramyxovirus type 1 strain, the so-called pigeon paramyxovirus type 1. It is found primarily in racing pigeons, but it has also spread to wild birds and poultry. In this study, two pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 strains, SD12 and BJ13, obtained from diseased pigeons in China, were characterized. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete sequences allowed characterization of both strains as genotype VI, class II. Further phylogenetic analysis of a 374-nucleotide section of the fusion gene showed that SD12 fell into lineage VIbii-d and BJ13 into VIbii-f. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cleavage site of the fusion protein confirmed that both isolates contained the virulent motif ¹¹²K/RRQKR↓F¹¹⁷ at the cleavage site. Nevertheless, the values of intracerebral pathogenicity indices showed the SD12 isolate to be a velogenic strain and BJ13 isolate to be a mesogenic strain. The SD12 isolate was further investigated via clinical observation, RNA detection, histopathology and viral serology in experimentally infected 3-week-old chickens. It showed a mild pathological phenotype in chickens, with viral replication restricted to a few tissues. The molecular mechanism for the SD12 isolate to have a virulent motif but low levels of virulence for chickens requires further study.     

Comparison of Laparoscopic-Assisted Operations and Laparotomy Operations for the Treatment of Hirschsprung Disease: Evidence From a Meta-Analysis

The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare the relative merits among laparoscopic-assisted operations and laparotomy operations for patients with Hirschsprung disease.PubMed, Web of Science, and Wanfang databases were searched for the related articles. We analyzed dichotomous variables by estimating odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and continuous variables using the weighted mean difference (WMD) with the 95% CI. The random-effects model (REM) was used to combine the results. The outcome measures included operating time (OT), estimated blood loss (EBL), length of hospital stay (LOHS), mean first bowel movement (MFBM), and number of complications.Sixteen articles were included in the meta-analysis. These studies involved a total of 774 patients, 396 of whom underwent laparoscopic-assisted operations and 378 of whom underwent laparotomy operations. The EBL (WMD = −1.48, 95% CI = −1.82, −1.13), LOHS (WMD = −0.67, 95% CI = −0.86, −0.49), MFBM (WMD = −0.83, 95% CI = −1.05, −0.61), and number of complications (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.40, 0.89) were significantly lower in laparoscopic-assisted operations than in laparotomy operations. The OT (WMD = 0.12, 95% CI = −0.05, 0.28) showed no significant differences between laparoscopic-assisted operations and laparotomy operations.Compared with laparotomy operations, laparoscopic-assisted operations are generally safer and more reliable for patients with Hirschsprung disease.